bolshy

"Bolshy" (often spelled "bolshie") is a colloquial adjective, predominantly found in British English, used to describe someone who is uncooperative, combative, rebellious, or difficult to manage. The term is a clipped form of "Bolshevik," the radical Russian political faction that rose to power in 1917. Originally, it was used as a pejorative slur against socialists, trade unionists, or left-wing activists, implying that their demands for workers' rights were akin to violent revolutionary communism.

Today, usage of the term is often divorced from its specific political origins. Many speakers use it simply as a synonym for "stroppy" or "obstinate," applying it to anyone—from teenagers to customers—who challenges authority or refuses to comply with instructions. However, because of its etymological roots, some view the term as dismissive, particularly when used in the context of labor relations or political activism. In these contexts, labeling someone as "bolshy" can be seen as a way to delegitimize their grievances by casting them as unreasonable radicals rather than people with valid concerns.

Example:
"The staff became a bit bolshy when they were told that overtime would be mandatory without extra pay."

Example:
"He was known as a bolshy teenager, constantly arguing with teachers and questioning school rules."