blackmail

Blackmail refers to the act of demanding payment or another benefit from someone in return for not revealing compromising or damaging information about them. The term originated in the Scottish Borders around the 16th century. Historically, 'mail' meant 'rent' or 'tribute' (derived from Middle English and Old Norse). 'Black mail' was protection money paid to border raiders to avoid pillaging, likely called 'black' to distinguish it from legitimate rent payments made in silver, which were known as 'white money' or 'white mail.'

In recent years, the term has appeared in discussions regarding inclusive language. Some organizations and style guides advocate avoiding words that use 'black' to signify negativity, illegality, or danger (such as blacklist or black sheep), arguing that these metaphors reinforce unconscious racial biases. Conversely, others argue that blackmail is a distinct legal term with a specific economic etymology unrelated to skin color. Critics of removing the term often contend that replacing it creates ambiguity, as synonyms like 'extortion' have slightly different legal definitions.

Example:
"The politician refused to resign, claiming the photos were being used for blackmail."

Example:
"She realized her partner was using emotional blackmail to control her decisions."